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Operating System Concepts

What is ARP? Understanding Address Resolution Protocol Basics (Simple Guide)

When two devices on a local network need to communicate, they don’t rely solely on IP addresses—they … Read more

A Beginner’s Guide to Linux Initscript: Starting and Stopping Processes During Boot

Linux initscripts are an essential part of the booting process, allowing administrators to automate services that start … Read more

Understanding C Program Memory Layout: Text, Data, Heap, and Stack Segments Explained

In C programming, understanding how memory is allocated is crucial for writing efficient and bug-free code. The … Read more

How Wi-Fi Devices Communicate with Access Points: A Complete Guide to Initial Handshakes

Wi-Fi has become an indispensable part of our daily lives, connecting our devices seamlessly to the internet. … Read more

Creating Multiple Threads and Identifying Thread IDs in C Using Pthread Library

Multi-threading is an essential concept in modern programming, allowing multiple tasks to be performed simultaneously within a … Read more

Inspect File Attributes in C Using the stat System Call

The stat() system call in POSIX C returns file metadata—including file size, inode number, permission bits, block allocation count, ownership UIDs, and access timestamps—from a file's inode structure without opening or reading the file contents. The struct stat data structure The system header <s

How executable is created during compilation on Linux ?

This code is tested on Ubuntu . You may need to twick the script if you use a … Read more

What is the Difference between Process and Thread ?

Creating a new thread is very similar to forking a new process, but there are differences. When … Read more

Difference between Spinlock and Semaphore

Spinlocks Spinlocks assume the data you are protecting is accessed in both interrupt-handlers and normal kernel code. … Read more

Difference between Mutex and Semaphore

Besides the better readability, the code for mutex is smaller and slightly faster than the semaphore implementation. … Read more

What is Zombie process and How to create zombie process in Linux

Zombie process is the process which died immediately and whose parent didn’t cared to handled the status … Read more

C program to read mac address using WiFi interface name

If you need to get the mac address of certain wifi interface using C program, you can … Read more

What is Linux Out-Of-Memory OOM Killer

Major distribution kernels set the default value of /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory to zero, which means that processes can request … Read more

Avoid a process from being killed in case of Out of Memory

In our previous post, we understood “What is Out of Memory Killer ?” In this post, we … Read more

Avoid zombie process in Linux

Zombie process is the process which dies/finishes immediately and whose parent didn’t cares to handle the status … Read more

Create process in Linux using fork system call

Below is simple process creation program using fork system call, fork return child’s process Id in main/parent … Read more

C program to check total and free RAM memory in Linux

Following C program helps you to identify what is the total and free memory / RAM available … Read more

Example for using shared data between two Unix threads

Following is the simple example to show, how we can create two threads at a time and … Read more

Protect Shared State with pthread_mutex_lock

A POSIX mutex does not make a variable magically private; it gives cooperating threads one serialized critical section and establishes synchronization around protected state. Build a checked C example, understand why the unlocked version is undefined, find races with ThreadSanitizer, and choose between mutexes and atomics.